The Social Cohesion in the Thoughts of Confucius and Peter Berger

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Corresponding Author, Professor, Department of Religion and Comparative Mysticism, Faculty of Theology and Islamic Teaching, University of Tehran, Tehran,Iran.

2 Master's degree, Department of Religion and Comparative Mysticism, Faculty of Theology and Islamic Teaching, University of Tehran, Tehran,Iran.

Abstract

This research examines and analyzes the concept of social unity and cohesion in the thoughts of Confucius and Peter Berger. The primary aim of the study is to understand and compare the views of these two thinkers on how social cohesion is created and maintained in different societies. Confucius, the prominent Chinese philosopher, emphasizes the importance of ethical and cultural principles, the role of the family, customs, and respect for elders as key elements in strengthening social unity. He believes that the internal harmony of individuals with moral and cultural values is a significant factor in enhancing social solidarity and forming a cohesive society. In contrast, Peter Berger, a contemporary sociologist, adopts a sociological and religious approach, focusing on the role of social and religious institutions in social cohesion. According to his perspective, these institutions play a crucial role in reinforcing social unity by providing shared values and norms. Berger argues that social cohesion is achieved not only through cultural agreements but also through social and institutional mechanisms. This study explores the views of Confucius and Berger, elucidating the points of convergence and divergence in their thoughts. The theoretical foundations of both thinkers are first reviewed, followed by a comparison of their views on social unity and cohesion. The findings suggest that despite the cultural and historical differences between Confucius and Berger, both emphasize the importance of shared human principles and the role of social institutions in fostering and preserving social cohesion. This indicates that achieving social unity is a concept beyond the limitations of time and place. Ultimately, the research concludes that integrating the views of Confucius and Berger can provide new solutions for addressing contemporary social challenges and contribute to strengthening unity and cohesion in various societies.

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References

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Comparative Study of Religions and Mysticism
Volume 10, Issue 1
November 2025
Pages 55-85

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History

  • Receive Date: 29 May 2025
  • Revise Date: 31 October 2025
  • Accept Date: 26 July 2025

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