Examining the views and activities of Phule and Ramabai regarding the improvement of women's status in India

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Corresponding Author, Graduated with a master's degree, The field of religions and mysticism, University Al-Zahra Tehran, Tehran, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Religions and Mysticism, Faculty of Theology, Al-Zahra University, Tehran, Iran., Iran

Abstract

Abstract
Objective: The 18th and 19th centuries for India were the era of the rise of reformers and their movements in line with the reforms of the social and cultural structure. Some of these reformers focused their efforts on improving the condition of Indian women. Jyotirao Govindrao Phule and Pandita Ramabai were two of this people who dedicated themselves to challenging social norms and defending women's rights. This article examines the views and activities of these two reformers and studies the changes that their attitudes and actions brought about in order to improve the status and empower women.
Methods: This research is a descriptive-analytical method and by collecting reliable and documented library sources, it goes to the historical research in this subject area.
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the writings, campaigns, movements and social activities of these two reformers and it deals with the problems and difficulties of implementing social reforms in the conditions of that time in India.
Conclusions: This article shows how the struggle of Phule and Ramabai ultimately led to the establishment of gender equality in India and the followers of their school of thought learned and continued the path of change and contribution to Indian culture from them.

Keywords

References

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Comparative Study of Religions and Mysticism
Volume 10, Issue 1
November 2025
Pages 115-141

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History

  • Receive Date: 17 September 2024
  • Revise Date: 30 May 2025
  • Accept Date: 13 September 2025

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