بررسی رویکرد دین شناختی تیله

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استاد.گروه ادیان و عرفان تطبیقی، دانشگاه تهران ،

چکیده

این نوشتار، به روش توصیفی-تحلیلی، به بررسی آراء و رویکرد دین شناختی دین شناس و الهیدان هلندی کورنلیس پتروس تیله پرداخته است. از تیله در کنار ماکس مولربه عنوان بنیانگذار علم دین نام برده می شود. او مانند مولر علاقه مند به تحقیق کلی درباره دین در جنبه های مختلف آن بود. دین بر اساس رابطه بین انسان و موجودات فوق بشری بنا شده است. او دین را شناخت خود می داند، تا آنجا که خود را از قلمرو محدود و گذرا بالا برده و تعالی بخشد. علم دین این حقیقت را استوار می سازد که این اعتقاد که خدا به خوبی از بشریت برتر است در همه ادیان مشترک است. یک نوع رابطه عمیق بین بیرون( اصول عقاید و شعایر) و درون( اعتقاد درونی) دین وجود دارد. او بعد درونی دین ( دینداری) را به بهای بعد بیرونی آن ( نظام های اعتقادی، اسطوره ها، شعایر، نهادهای دینی و غیره ) برجسته و پر رنگ نموده و واقعیت دین را شخصی و روانشناختی دانست. جایگاه دین را باید در عمیق ترین بخش روح انسان جستجو کرد. او ادعا می کند که دین اساسا پدیده ای روانشناختی است؛ و ذات آن "تقوا و پارسایی" است. نیاز دینی قدرتمند ترین و عمیق ترین نیاز انسان است. او اعتقاد دارد منشا دین در احساس بی نهایت درون است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Study of Tiele’s approach to the study of religion

نویسنده [English]

  • Ghorban Elmi
Professor, Department of Religion and Comparative Mysticism, University of Tehran
چکیده [English]

This article, using a descriptive-analytical method, studies the opinions and scientific approach of the Dutch theologian Tiele. Along with Max Müller, Tiele is called the founder of the science of religion. Like Müller, he was interested in general research about religion in its various aspects. According to him, religion is based on the relationship between humans and superhuman beings. He considers religion as self- knowledge, to the extent that he transcends and elevates himself from the limited and transitory limit. The science of religion establishes the fact that the belief that God is superior to humanity is common to all religions. There is a kind of deep relationship between the outside (principles of beliefs and rituals) and the inside (inner belief/faith) of religion. He highlighted the inner dimension of religion (religiosity) at the expense of its outer dimension (belief systems, myths, rituals, religious institutions, etc.) and considered the reality of religion to be personal and psychological. The place of religion should be sought in the deepest part of the human soul. He claims that religion is basically a psychological phenomenon; And its essence is "piety". Religious need is the most powerful and deepest human need. He believes that the origin of religion is in the feeling of infinity inside.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Marett
  • science of religion
  • evolution
  • manifestation and emergence
  • religion
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